{"id":5325,"date":"2022-06-03T09:45:24","date_gmt":"2022-06-03T09:45:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/?p=5325"},"modified":"2024-08-07T07:28:17","modified_gmt":"2024-08-07T07:28:17","slug":"what-is-a-hash-function-within-cryptography-quick-guide","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/what-is-a-hash-function-within-cryptography-quick-guide","title":{"rendered":"What is Hash Function within Cryptography? [Quick Guide]"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is one type of computer security That Provides <a href=\"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/authentication-and-authorization-in-net-core\">Authentication<\/a> &amp; Data Integrity \u2013 A Quick Guide on Hash Function within cryptography and How Does It Work<\/p><div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_85 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/what-is-a-hash-function-within-cryptography-quick-guide\/#Hash_Function_What_is_it\" >Hash Function! What is it?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/what-is-a-hash-function-within-cryptography-quick-guide\/#How_Does_it_Work\" >How Does it Work?<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/what-is-a-hash-function-within-cryptography-quick-guide\/#Hash_Function_vs_Encryption\" >Hash Function vs. Encryption<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/what-is-a-hash-function-within-cryptography-quick-guide\/#Common_Strong_Hash_Algorithm\" >Common Strong Hash Algorithm<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/what-is-a-hash-function-within-cryptography-quick-guide\/#Properties\" >Properties:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/what-is-a-hash-function-within-cryptography-quick-guide\/#Applications\" >Applications:<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/what-is-a-hash-function-within-cryptography-quick-guide\/#Storing_Passwords\" >Storing Passwords<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/what-is-a-hash-function-within-cryptography-quick-guide\/#Verification_of_Passwords\" >Verification of Passwords<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/what-is-a-hash-function-within-cryptography-quick-guide\/#The_Integrity_of_the_Data\" >The Integrity of the Data<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/what-is-a-hash-function-within-cryptography-quick-guide\/#Common_Uses\" >Common Uses:<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/what-is-a-hash-function-within-cryptography-quick-guide\/#Example_of_Hashing\" >Example of Hashing<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/what-is-a-hash-function-within-cryptography-quick-guide\/#Wrapping_Up\" >Wrapping Up<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cryptography is the essential process and method that\u2019s used for maintaining the integrity, confidentiality, and security of the data. It\u2019s essential to create robust machine identities that protect machine-to-machine communications and connections. Put simply, it is the mathematical process that has an essential part in public-key cryptography.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>In addition, this helps in:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Store password in database securely<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Authenticates securely<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Organizes files &amp; content efficiently<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Assurance of data integrity by giving indication whenever data is altered<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Furthermore, these are helpful in many other ways. For instance, it helps sign software applications and secure the website connection to transmit information online.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hash-function-what-is-it\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hash_Function_What_is_it\"><\/span>Hash Function! What is it?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is seen differently by different people. But it becomes a bit different if you\u2019re questioning cryptography. It is seen as a unique identifier for any content in cryptography. It processes the plaintext data of all sizes and converts it into a unique ciphertext of a certain length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In other words, hashing is a mathematical function that gives an output called a hash value of ciphertext or plaintext. It\u2019s a cryptographic technique that transforms your data into a specific text string. Henceforth, once you put a plaintext within a strong hash algorithm, you get the output in a hash value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similarly, it is a one-way cryptographic algorithm that maps your input of all sizes to a unique output of a fixed length in bits. The resulting output is known as a hash value, digest, or code, which is the resulting unique output.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-how-does-it-work\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"How_Does_it_Work\"><\/span>How Does it Work?<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hashing converts readable text into unreadable text, making it secure. And, once hashing is executed, it\u2019s not easy to reverse, which makes it a little different from encryption, where you can reverse the encrypted information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The original data input is often broken down into small blocks of equal sizes in hashing methods. And, if there\u2019s not enough data within any block to make it of the same size, padding (1s and 0s) is added. Similarly, those individual data blocks are run using the algorithm and give an output known as a hash value.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"492\" src=\"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hash-function.png\" alt=\"hash function\" class=\"wp-image-10783\" srcset=\"https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hash-function.png 1024w, https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hash-function-300x144.png 300w, https:\/\/positiwise.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/hash-function-768x369.png 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">No doubt, the process may differ if you\u2019re hashing passwords for storing in a web server. But, the passwords for storing involves salting. Salt is a unique random value added to the message before it undergoes the algorithm. Lastly, adding one character will create a new hash value once the process is completed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hash-function-vs-encryption\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hash_Function_vs_Encryption\"><\/span>Hash Function vs. Encryption<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>No, They Aren\u2019t the Same<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Though both hash and encryption use cryptography, they are not similar. For instance, it is a one-way function, meaning you can&#8217;t reverse once you covert readable content into ciphertext. And, when it comes to encryption, you can convert it back into a readable format, also known as decrypting, after it\u2019s encrypted. But it would help if you were authorized to decrypt the encrypted information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Similarly, it is mainly used for comparison reasons and not for encryption.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><thead><tr><th>Feature<\/th><th>Hash Function<\/th><th>Encryption<\/th><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Goal<\/strong><\/td><td>One-way transformation of data<\/td><td>Reversible transformation of data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Use Case<\/strong><\/td><td>Verify data integrity, fingerprints, message digests<\/td><td>Protect confidentiality of data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Input<\/strong><\/td><td>Any data of arbitrary length<\/td><td>Plaintext data<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Output<\/strong><\/td><td>Fixed length hash value<\/td><td>Ciphertext of same or variable length<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Key Usage<\/strong><\/td><td>Optional secret key<\/td><td>Required secret key<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Security<\/strong><\/td><td>Resistant to preimage and collision attacks<\/td><td>Resistant to cryptanalysis attacks<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Operation<\/strong><\/td><td>Not reversible, it can&#8217;t be decrypted<\/td><td>Encryption is two-way, ciphertext can be decrypted<\/td><\/tr><tr><td><strong>Examples<\/strong><\/td><td>MD5, SHA-1, SHA-256, SHA-512<\/td><td>AES, RSA, Blowfish, RC4<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-common-strong-hash-algorithm\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Strong_Hash_Algorithm\"><\/span>Common Strong Hash Algorithm<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Some of the most commonly used algorithms are:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>MD4<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>MD5<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>RIPEMD<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>SHA<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TIGER<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>WHIRLPOOL<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-properties\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Properties\"><\/span>Properties:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Deterministic<\/strong>: Output will not differ. And the value will be the same.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Not Reversible<\/strong>: It is not reversible. Henceforth, once the hash value is generated, it\u2019s impossible to reverse it.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Collision Resistant<\/strong>: Two inputs will never have a similar output.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Non-Predictable<\/strong>: It randomly generates its value. So, each time a unique value is generated, you can\u2019t predict what it\u2019ll be.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Compression<\/strong>: It produces a compressed value. It means the output size is much smaller than the input size.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-applications\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Applications\"><\/span>Applications:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-storing-passwords\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Storing_Passwords\"><\/span>Storing Passwords<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hashing secures passwords that are stored and saved on the server. Instead of storing passwords in plaintext, you store actual values within the hash table. Therefore, if an intruder tries to log into the system, they can only see the hash value and not the actual passwords.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-verification-of-passwords\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Verification_of_Passwords\"><\/span>Verification of Passwords<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hashing is useful for verifying passwords every time you log into your account or system. Password verification shows you\u2019re the actual user of the account. Similarly, if your password matches the value on the server, it confirms you\u2019re authorized.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-the-integrity-of-the-data\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Integrity_of_the_Data\"><\/span>The Integrity of the Data<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hashing verifies data integrity. It assures you that your data is not modified and it\u2019s correct. Similarly, it also ensures your information is in its original form.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-common-uses\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Common_Uses\"><\/span>Common Uses:<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">They are helpful for most things. For instance, it\u2019s used to sign new software and verify digital signatures to secure the website connection with the computer or mobile web browsers. Similarly, it\u2019s also good for indexing and retrieving information from the online database.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>For instance, it is commonly seen in usage for:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Data blocks within cryptocurrencies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Blockchain technologies<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>For storing passwords in an online database. (Though, it requires a little dash to make it more secure.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>In addition, it is commonly found through public-key cryptography. For example:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>SSL\/TLS certificate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Code Signing certificate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Email Signing certificate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Document Signing certificate<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Used for comparing and preventing duplication within the database<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Used widely in computer graphics<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Used for finding specific data from the big database<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-example-of-hashing\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Example_of_Hashing\"><\/span>Example of Hashing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For instance, you are looking to digitally sign software and distribute it online on your website for download. For this, you\u2019ll need to create a hash of the executable you\u2019re signing. After embedding your digital signature, you\u2019ll need to hash that digital signature.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Once the user downloads that software, the browser goes to decrypt the file, and at that time, it inspects the two unique values. Similarly, the browser will run the same hash function with the help of the same used algorithm and hash both the signature and file once again. If the produced hash value is the same, the browser knows that both the file and signature are authentic and not altered. If the hash value differs, the browser will show a warning message.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-wrapping-up\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Wrapping_Up\"><\/span>Wrapping Up<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Hashing is an essential tool for computer security. It helps secure data and offers visibility within the alteration or modification of files and data. In addition, its unique characteristics prevent attackers from taking advantage of reverse engineering for viewing plaintext or original input data.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Lastly, in combination with other cryptographic tools like encryption, the hash function supports authentication, signatory non-repudiation, and data integrity when using digital signatures.<\/p>\n  <div class=\"related-post slider\">\r\n        <div class=\"headline\">Related Posts<\/div>\r\n    <div class=\"post-list owl-carousel\">\r\n\r\n          <div>  <\/div>\r\n    \r\n  <\/div>\r\n\r\n  <script>\r\n      <\/script>\r\n  <style>\r\n    .related-post {}\r\n\r\n    .related-post .post-list {\r\n      text-align: left;\r\n          }\r\n\r\n    .related-post .post-list .item {\r\n      margin: 5px;\r\n      padding: 0px;\r\n          }\r\n\r\n    .related-post .headline {\r\n      font-size: 2rem !important;\r\n      color: #212529 !important;\r\n          }\r\n\r\n    .related-post .headline {\r\nmargin-top: 0;\r\npadding-left: 1%;\r\n}.related-post .post-list .item .post_thumb {\r\n      max-height: 220px;\r\n      margin: 0px 0px 10px 0px;\r\n      padding: 0px;\r\n      display: block;\r\n          }\r\n\r\n    .related-post .post-list .item .post_title {\r\n      font-size: 1rem;\r\n      color: #212529;\r\n      margin: 10px 0px;\r\n      padding: 0px;\r\n      display: block;\r\n      text-decoration: none;\r\n          }\r\n\r\n    .related-post .post-list .item .post_excerpt {\r\n      font-size: 13px;\r\n      color: #3f3f3f;\r\n      margin: 10px 0px;\r\n      padding: 0px;\r\n      display: block;\r\n      text-decoration: none;\r\n          }\r\n\r\n    .related-post .owl-dots .owl-dot {\r\n          }\r\n\r\n      <\/style>\r\n      <script>\r\n      jQuery(document).ready(function($) {\r\n        $(\".related-post .post-list\").owlCarousel({\r\n          items: 3,\r\n          responsiveClass: true,\r\n          responsive: {\r\n            0: {\r\n              items: 1,\r\n            },\r\n            768: {\r\n              items: 2,\r\n            },\r\n            1200: {\r\n              items: 3,\r\n            }\r\n          },\r\n                      rewind: true,\r\n                                loop: true,\r\n                                center: true,\r\n                                autoplay: true,\r\n            autoplayHoverPause: true,\r\n                                nav: true,\r\n            navSpeed: 1000,\r\n            navText: ['<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-left\"><\/i>', '<i class=\"fas fa-chevron-right\"><\/i>'],\r\n                                dots: true,\r\n            dotsSpeed: 1200,\r\n                                                    rtl: false,\r\n          \r\n        });\r\n      });\r\n    <\/script>\r\n  <\/div>\r\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>It is one type of computer security That Provides Authentication &amp; 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